关于英语语法句子种类
英语句子按使用目的可分为陈述句、祈使句、感叹句和疑问句四种。
一、陈述句
陈述句是说明一个事实或陈述一种看法的句子。例如:
Light travels faster than sound. 光比声速度快。
The film isn’t rather boring. 这部电影不是很乏味。
The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.中华人民共和国成立于1949年。
There used to be a temple here.这儿原来有座庙。
She is working for a foreign company.她正在为一家外国公司工作。
They have all read the book.他们都已读过了这本书。
二、祈使句
祈使句用以表达命令,要求,请求,劝告或建议等。常用下列几种句型。例如:
1、以动词原形开头的祈使句。这些句子的主语通常都是第二人称“you”。
Take this seat. 坐这个位子。
Do be careful. 千万要小心!
Don't move, please. 请别动。
Don't be nervous! 别紧张!
2、以let开头的祈使句。Let's 包括说话者,Let us 不包括说话者。例如:
Let's have another try.咱们再试一下。
Let us have another try. 请(你)让我们再试一下。
Let's not talk of that matter.咱们不谈那件事。
Let us not talk of that matter.请让我们不谈那件事。
3、带主语的祈使句。谓语动词任然用原型。例如:
God bless me. 上帝保佑我!
You feed the chicks today, Tom. 汤姆,今天你喂鸡。(吩咐任务。)
三、感叹句
感叹句是表示说话人赞美、惊叹、喜悦、愤怒等感情的句子。
1、标准感叹句 通常有感叹词what, how引导, what修饰名词,how 修饰形容词,副词或动词,其主谓用正装语序,常用省略形式。其常见句型有。例如:
1) How +形容词+ a +名词+陈述语序。例如:
How clever a boy (he is)!他是多么聪明的孩子!
2) How +形容词或副词+陈述语序。例如:
How slowly(the old is walking)!那位老人走的真慢呀!
3) What +名词+陈述语序。例如:
What noise(the traffic is making)!车辆的噪音真大!
4) What +a+形容词+名词+陈述语序。例如:
What a clever boy(he is)! 他是多么聪明的孩子!
5) What + 形容词+复数名词+陈述语序。例如:
What wonderful ideas (we have)!他们的想法真奇妙!
6) What + 形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序例如:
What good news it is! 多好的消息啊!
2、一般感叹句
在任何一个词、词组或句子后加感叹号,即为感叹句,如:
Dear!天哪!
What colors and designs!这颜色,这图案真漂亮!
You was running really fast!你跑得真快!
Didn’t he know it!他难道不知道!
I’ve got so much from your report!从你的报告中我真学到了很多东西!
关于大学英语语法句子成分
关系代词
<例句>
I met someone who said he knew you.
我遇到一个人,他说他认识你。
<语法分析>
关系代词 who 代表 someone,又引导从句修饰它,同时又在从句中担任主语。关系代词 who, whom, whose, that和 which可以用来引导定语从句,这类代词都起着三重作用,一是代表前面的名词,二是把从句和它所修饰的词连接起来,三是在从句里也担任一个成分。who 和 whom 都代表人,who 在从句中作主语,whom在从句中作宾语或介词宾语。whose在从句中可以作定语。that可以代表人或物,which 只能代表物在从句中可充当主语、宾语或介词宾语等。
<触类旁通>
(1) The noise that she made woke everybody up.
她弄出的声音把大家都吵醒了。
语法分析:that 代表 noise,又引导从句修饰它,在从句中担任 made 的宾语。
(2) She saw something in the paper which might interest you.
她在报纸上看到的一些消息,或许会使你感兴趣。
语法分析:which 代表 something, 又引导从句修饰它,在从句中担任主语。
(3) The girl with whom I was travlling didn't speak English.
和我一起旅行的那个女孩不会讲英语。
语法分析:whom 代表人,在从句中作宾语或介词宾语。
(4) I saw a film whose name I have forgotten.
我看了一部电影, 名字却忘了。
语法分析:whose 有时指无生命的东西。
(5) Who's the man (that) you were talking to?
刚才和你讲话的人是谁?
语法分析:在从句作宾语时,that常可以省略。
(6) The situation in which she found herself was very difficult.
她的处境非常困难。
语法分析:在紧跟介词时,只能用which,不能用that,而且不能省略。
<巩固练习>
1. The man _____ robbed her has been arrested.
2. The man _____ I saw told me to come back tomorrow.
3. I know a girl _____ mother is an acrobat.
4. He _____ would eat the fruit must climb the tree.
5. The dog _____ was lost has been found.
6. She invited us to dinner, ______ was very kind of her.
7. My dog, ______ temper is very uncertain, often bites judges at dog show.
8. The man from ______ I brought it told me to read me instructions.
<参考答案>
1. who 2. whom 3. whose 4. that 5. which 6. which 7. whose 8. whom
大学英语语法句子成分
不定代词
<例句>
I have no idea about it.
对此我一无所知。
<语法分析>
不定代词no在句子中作定语,此外,every也可作定语。除了这两个词外,其他的不定代词既可用作名词也可用作形容词,大多数在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和定语等。
<触类旁通>
(1) Someone (somebody) has turned off the light.
有人把灯关了。
语法分析:合成不定代词 someone 和 somebody 意思相同,都表示“某人”,但只用于肯定句,在否定句及疑问句中通常用 anybody 或 anyone。
(2) Everybody (everyone) laughed, me included.
大家都笑了,我也笑了。
语法分析:everybody 和 everyone 意思相同,表示“人人”、“大家”。
(3) Did any of your photos come out well?
你的照片洗出来都不错吗?
语法分析:any 可代表可数名词或不可数名词名词,在句子中作主语或宾语等,可用于否定句及疑问句,肯定句用 some。
(4) She is in no mood (not in a mood) for jokes.
她没有心情说笑话。
语法分析:no 可构成否定句,等于 not a。
(5) I never saw so many swans on the lake .
我从未见过湖面上有这么多天鹅。
语法分析:many 修饰可数名词,可用在疑问句,否定句及肯定句中,还可与too, so 等词连用,much, few 及 little 也可表示数量,与many 一样,都可用作定语。
(6) None of us would have said such a thing.
我们谁也不会说出这种话来。
语法分析:none 和 no 一样,都是否定词,none可用作主语、宾语或介词宾语及同位语。
<巩固练习>
1. I will tell you _____ of my own experience.
2. If you want ______ , you can call me.
3. I'll take ______ that you don't want.
4. As ______ as ten people were found living in a single room.
5. You've given me too ______ food.
6. ______ went his way.
7. ______ of my parents live in Japan.
8. One of the boys is named Tom, the _____ named Bill.
9. Show me some ______.
10. I don't like this room. Let's ask for _____.
<参考答案>
something 2. anything 3. any 4. many 5. much 6. Each 7. Both 8. other 9. others 10. another