英语语法初中知识点

王明刚

初中必备英语语法:八种宾语从句不省略that

引导宾语从句的that在下列情况下一般不省略:

1. 宾语从句前有插入语。如:

We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us. 恰恰相反,我们希望他和我们呆在家里。

2. 有间接宾语时。如:

He told me that he was leaving for Japan. 他告诉我他要去日本。

3. that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后。如:

He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the children like to read it.他说那本书很有趣,所有小孩都喜欢读。

4. 在“it(形式宾语)+补语”之后时。如:

I think it necessary that he should stay here. 我们认为他有必要留在这里。

5. that从句单独回答问题时。如:

—What did he hear? 他听说了什么事?

—That Kate had passed the exam. (他听说)凯特考试及格了。

6. 在except等介词后。如:

He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。

7. 位于句首时。如:

That our team will win, I believe. 我相信我们队会赢。

8. 在较为正式或不常用的动词(如reply, object)后。如:

He replied that he disagreed. 他回答说他不同意。

初中英语语法:about的用法与语法说明

1. 表示“关于”,注意与介词 on 的区别:

about 指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事,其谈论的内容也较为普通;而 on 则指比较有系统地或理论性较强地论述某事,其论述的内容较正式或较为严肃。试比较:

(1) a book on rabbits 指的是一本论及兔子的学术著作

(2) a book about rabbits 指的可能是一本供小孩看的关于兔子的故事书

2. 表示“带在身上”,一般指随身带的小物品,有时可与表示类似含义的介词 with

on 换用:

He has a watch about [on, with] him. 他带着表。

3. 用于数字前,表示“大约”:

The computer cost me about 600dollars. 这台电脑大约花了我600美元。

4. 在动词 know, hear, speak 等之后用不用介词 about / of, 含义有差别:

I have heard about him, but I don’t know him. 我听到过一些关于他的事,但不认识他这个人。

I’ve heard of him, but I don’t know about him. 我听说过他,但我不知道有关他的情况。

比较:

know sb 认识某人

know of sb 知道有某人

know aboutsb 知道有关某人的事或情况

hear sb 听到某人 (讲话)

hear of sb听说过某人

hear about sb 听到关于某人的事或情况

5. be about to (do),意为“即将”、“马上”。注意该短语不与具体的时间状语 (如:

soon, tomorrow, immediately 等)连用:

正:He is about to return to his homeland. 他即将回乡。

误:He is about to return to his homeland tomorrow.

(1) 该短语可与并列连词when (这时)连用:

I was (just) about to go to bed when the telephone rang. 我正要上床睡觉,这时突然电话铃响了起来。

(2) be about 之后可接动名词 (但 be about to 之后不能接动名词):

I was (just) about going to bed when the telephone rang. 我正要上床睡觉,这时突然电话铃响了起来。

6. be about 在干…,忙于…:

What are you about? 你在干什么?

初中英语语法大全:常用表示时间的介词

一、at, on, in

(A) at表示“在某一时刻,某一时点”。如:

I get up at 6:00 every day. 我每天6点起床。

注:at daybreak在黎明;at noon在中午;at night在夜间;at Christmas在圣诞节期间;at the age of five在五岁时。

(B) on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。如:

I heard a shot on (the morning of ) March 18. 三月十八日(早晨) 我听到一声枪响。

We don’t have classes on Sunday. 星期天我们不上课。

(C) in表示“在某世纪、年、季度、月、周”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。如:

in the 20th century在20世纪;in 1999在1999年;in winter在冬季;in September在九月;in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上。

二、for, during, through

(A) for后接“一段时间”,表示某事持续多久,多与完成时连用。如:

She has been ill for several days. 她已经病了几天了。

(B) during表示“在……期间”。如:

I went to France for two weeks during the summer. 夏天我去了法国两个星期。

(C) through表示“一直……,自始至终”。如:

They worked hard through the winter. 整个冬天他们都在努力工作。

三、from, since

(A) from表示“时间的起点”,可译作“从……”,多用于“from…to/till…”中。如:

You can come anytime from Monday to Friday. 周一至周五你什么时间来都行。

(B) since表示“自从……以来(直到现在)”。如:

He has been away from home since 1973. 他自从1973年就离开了家乡。

We have known each other since ten years ago. 我们十年前就认识了。

注意:for和since都常与完成时连用,但for接时间段,since接时间点。如for two hours(持续)两小时;since last week从上周直到现在。

四、before, by, till, until

(A) before指“在……之前”,与after相对。如:

Please come before ten o’clock. 请10点以前来。

(B) by指“不迟于,到……时为止,在……以前”。如:

We had learned over 1000 words by the end of last term. 到上学期末为止,我们已经学了1000多个单词了。

We will have learned 2000 English words by the end of this term. 到本学期结束前,我们将学了两千英语单词了。

注:by后接过去时间,常与过去完成时连用;by后接将来时间,常与将来完成时连用。

(C) till (until) “直到……为止”。如:

You must wait for him till tomorrow. 你必须一直等到他明天。

注:在肯定句中,till/until必须与延续动词连用;在否定句中,till/until常与非延续性动词连用。如I didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock. 直到12点我才睡。

五、after, in, within

(A) after表示“在……之后”,是before的反义词。如:

He got a cancer and died after a year. 他患了癌症,一年后去世了。

The meeting will end afte