初三英语听力：巴克敏斯特福乐和他的球型屋顶
Ever heard of a man named Buckminster Fuller, orBucky, as hisfriends called him?
听说过一个叫巴克敏斯特·福乐的人吗?
R.Buckminster Fuller was a twentiethcenturyscientist, philosopher, inventor, and was alsonamed a great architect.
朋友们常叫他巴基。巴克敏斯特·福乐是二十世纪的科学家，哲学家，发明家，同时他也是一名伟大的建筑师。
Part of what made Bucky so special was his concernfor the planet and humanity.
他如此特别的部分原因是他很关心地球和人类。
When you have a shortage of resources, he said, you get war.
他说当缺乏资源时，就会发生战争。
Thus, he developed an idea called ComprehensiveAnticipatory Design Science.
所以，他开创了一种观念，叫作“全面预期设计科学”。
It’s a mouthful, but what it entails is his belief that to solve humanity’smajor problems.
这个名字有点拗口，但它需要巴基的信念来解决人类主要问题。
We have to look forward to the future; we have to anticipate what will becomeproblems asresources diminish, etc.
我们必须展望未来;我们必须预期会出现的问题，比如资源减少等等。
His goal? Quote:
他是目标?
“More and more life support for everybody, with less and less resources.”
引用一句话：用最少的资源维持更多人的生活。
初三英语听力：洋葱是宠物杀手
You may already know that chocolate can be lethalto yourpet, but did you know that onions can betoxic to your catsand dogs too?
也许你已经知道巧克力对宠物的杀伤力，但是你知道小猫小狗吃了洋葱会中毒吗?
And I'm not just talking about their breath.
我不仅仅说的是他们的呼吸。
You see all forms of onions-cooked, raw, dehydrated-containsulfurcompounds.
要知道，新鲜的、脱水的、烹饪的洋葱，无一例外含有硫化物。
When your pet ingests onions, thesecompounds are broken down into what are known asdisulphidecompounds;
宠物摄食洋葱，化合物就分解成二硫化物，红细胞膜“中毒”，形成海恩茨氏小体的突起小泡。
These bubbles make the red blood cell more rigid, and weaken its outermembrane, whichmeans not only that the cell can't flex and twist as it circulates in the body,but that it is morelikely to rupture.
海恩茨氏小体使红细胞僵硬，外膜受损。红细胞在体内循环，无法弯曲和扭转，更易破裂。
Now, the main function of red blood cells is to circulate oxygen throughout the body.
红细胞的主要功能是循环体内的氧气。
Withoutenough of these, the animal becomes anemic, and–if the bone marrow isn't givenenough timeto regenerate new red blood cells-it may even die.
红细胞的缺失诱发动物贫血;如果骨髓没有及时更新红细胞，动物就会丧命。
This also explains why the effects of oniontoxicity can take a few days to show up, and why evenvery small amounts of onions can stillhave a cumulative damaging effect.
这也是洋葱毒性在数日后才得以显现的原因，而极少量的洋葱也能带来极大的危害。
So what can you do to protect your dog or cat?
初三英语听力：鸟类并不笨头笨脑
Neuroscientists' opinions about the brains of birdshave changed.
神经系统科学家关于鸟类大脑的传统观念发生了转变。
In humans and other mammals,the roof of theforebrain has evolved into the cerebral cortex, astructure responsible for flexiblelearning andreasoning.
人类和其他哺乳动物的前脑顶层已经进化为大脑皮层，这一结构主管弹性学习和推理能力。
Early neuroanatomists thought that the forebrainroof was small and simple in birds, with itsforebraininstead being dominated by structures in its base, called the basal ganglia.
早期的神经系统科学家认为鸟类的前脑顶层在大脑中面积小，构造简单，且并非由大脑基底部名为基底神经节的结构组成。
Without anelaborate forebrain roof, it seemed that birds couldn't be very smart.
因此，鸟类并不拥有复杂精妙的前脑顶层，这似乎决定了鸟类智商有限。
Recent research shows that birds are a lot smarter than scientists once thought.
最近的研究表明鸟类要比科学家想象的聪明得多。
To give just afew examples, the New Caledonian crow can manufacture and use tools.
例如，新喀里多尼亚乌鸦会制作和使用工具。
The African grey parrotcan learn to classify objects into categories, and the Florida scrub jaystores food in dozens ofcaches and can remember their locations for future use.
非洲灰鹦鹉能学会对东西进行分类，佛罗里达灌丛鸦会将食物存储在不同的地方，并且能记住位置，以备将来之需。
It turns out that neuroanatomists had it all wrong about bird forebrains.
结果是神经解剖学家 对鸟类前脑的研究完全错误。
During more than 300 million years of separate evolution, the forebrain roofs of birds and ofmammals each grew largerand more elaborate, but in different ways.