中考英语知识点之现在完成时的基本句型
现在完成时的基本句型。
①陈述句肯定形式。
e.g. I have had lunch. 我已经吃过午饭了。
He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。
②陈述句否定形式。(在助动词have/has后+not,可缩写为havent/hasnt)
e.g. I havent had lunch. 我还未吃午饭。
He hasnt gone to Beijing. 他还没有去北京。
③一般疑问句形式及其答语。(将助动词have/has提前,答语一般用have, has回答)
e.g. Have you had lunch? 你吃过午饭了没? Yes, I have. No, I havent.
Has he gone to Beijing? 他去过北京了没有? Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.
否定回答还可以用:No, not yet. / No, never. / No, not even once等。
④特殊疑问句形式。(疑问词+一般疑问句)
e.g. Where has he gone? 他去了哪里?
中考英语知识点之现在完成时注意事项
1、一个句子应该用什么时态只能取决于它需要表达的意思,以及它所处的语言环境。例如:
He speaks English .(一般现在时,说明动作发生的经常性。)
He spoke English when he was in New Zealand .(一般过去时,说明动作发生的时间。)
He is speaking English.(现在进行时,说明动作正在进行。)
He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA.(现在完成时,这里说明动作的总和。)
He has been speaking English since he came to the USA. (现在完成进行时,强调动作的连续性。)
2、在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主从复合句中,如果主句的谓语动词是一般将来时,那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般现在时来表示将来时;如果主句的谓语动词是过去将来时,那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。
例如:I will not play tennis if it rains tomorrow.
I would not play tennis if it rained the next day.
3、 有些动词表示无法持续的动作,它们一般不宜用于进行时态中。这类动词常见的有:be , believe , consist , find , forget , hate , have , hope , hear , know , like , love , notice , prefer , remember , see , seem , smell , suggest , taste , understand , want , wish , sit down , stand up 等等。
Be动词若是用于进行时态,可表示暂时、短暂的情况或表现。例如:
Tom is being a good boy today .汤姆今天很乖。
He is being childish .他这样做是耍孩子气。
You are not being modest .你这样说不太谦虚。
4、关于现在完成时的时间状语问题
A. 凡是完成时态都表示,不知道也不管动作发生的具体时间, 所以在使用现在完成时的句子里,不可以带有表示具体过去时间的状语,如:yesterday , last week ( month , year , etc. ) , two weeks ago , in 1999等;但常和有些副词连用,如: just , before , already , often , never , ever , notyet , always等等。
B. 在以when提问的特殊疑问中不能用现在完成时。另外,ago不能用于现在完成时的句子里,因为它表示从现在算起的以前某个时间,属于表示具体过去时间的状语。但是可以用before 来表示以前的意义,因为它只表示以前,而不知什么时候的以前。
C. 如果是不表示连续性的动词用于现在完成时的句子,不可以和以for表示的一段时间的状语连用。在这种情况下,应该用It has been since的句式来表达。如:
He has joined the army for five years. (错误)
It has been five years since he joined the army.(正确)
中考英语知识点之现在完成时的时间状语
现在完成时的时间状语
(1)现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three yearsago等。但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。
a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。
如:We have already finished ourhomework.我们已完成作业了。
They havent finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。
b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中,表示曾经或从未等。
如:-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗?
-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。
c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。
例如:I haveseen her before, but I can not remember where.
我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过。
Hehas been there three times the last few days.
近几年他去过那里三次了。
d.用包括现在在内的时间状语,如:now, today, this morning (month ,year,term)等。
例如:-Haveyou met him today?-No,I havent.
今天你见过他吗?我没有。
Howmany times have you been there this year?
今年你去过那里多少次?
(2)现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示一段时间的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在。如:I havent seen him for two years. 但是,像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。要用,必须改为be(在)等延续性动词来表述
现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换:
arrivebehere
begin(start)be on
diebedead
come backbe back
leave beaway
fall ill(sick,asleep)be ill(sick,asleep)
get upbeup
go outbe out
finish beover
put onwear 或be on
open be open
joinbe in或 be amember of
closebeclosed
go to schoolbe a student
borrow keep
buyhave
catch(a cold) have(a cold)
get to know know
begin tostudystudy
come to workwork等
如:He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。
His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。
The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。
We have studied English for three years. 我们(开始)学英语已三年了。