新概念英语第一册Lesson143~144课文翻译及学习笔记
【课文】
Listen to the tape then answer this question. What was so funny about the words on the sign?
I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods. It is a famous beauty spot. On Sundays, hundreds of people come from the city to see our town and to walk through the woods. Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy. Litter baskets have been placed under the trees, but people still throw their rubbish everywhere. Last Wednesday, I went for a walk in the woods. What I saw made me very sad. I counted seven old cars and three old refrigerators. The litter baskets were empty and the ground was covered with pieces of paper, cigarette ends, old tyres, empty bottles and rusty tins. Among the rubbish, I found a sign which said,‘Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted!’
【课文翻译】
听录音，然后回答问题。牌子上的字有什么可笑的地方?
我住在一个由美丽的树林环绕的古老小镇上。这是一个的风景胜地。每逢星期天，有许许多多人从城里来观赏我们的小镇，并在树林中散步。游客已被告知要保持树林的整洁。树下都已设置了废物筐，但是人们仍到处扔垃圾。上星期三我到树林里去散步。我所见到的一切使我非常难过。我数了一下，有7辆旧汽车和3个旧冰箱。废物筐是空的，而满地都是纸片、烟头、旧轮胎、空瓶子和生锈的空罐头盒。在垃圾堆中我发现了一块牌子，上面写着：“凡在此树林里丢弃垃圾者，将依法处置。”
【生词】
surround v. 包围
place v. 放
wood n.树林
throw (threw , thrown ) v.扔，抛
beauty spot 风景点
rubbish n. 垃圾
hundred n. 百
count v. 数，点
city n. 城市
cover v. 覆盖
through prep. 穿过
piece n. 碎片
visitor n. 参观者，游客，来访者
tyre n. 轮胎
tidy adj. 整齐的
rusty adj. 生锈的
litter n. 杂乱的东西
among prep. 在......之间
litter basket 废物筐
prosecute v. 依法处置
【知识点讲解】
(一)单词扩展
1)surround vt. 包围,环绕,围绕 n. 围绕物
例句：Trees surround our house.
我们房子的四周都是树。
surrounding既是surround的现在分词形式，也是一个词。 n. 环境 a. 周围的
例句：Gradually the surrounding farmland turned residential.
周围的农田渐渐变成了住宅区。
2)wood n. 木头;木材;木柴; 森林,树林
例句：You should put some more wood in the fire.
你应该再往火里添些木料。
3)beauty spot 风景点
spot 这个词含义很丰富，比如n. 污点,地点,斑点,点,缺点,处境,少量
a. 当场的,现场的,现货买卖的
vt.1. 点缀;2.发现;3.看见,看到,注意到
scenic spot 风景名胜
例句：The city is famed for its scenic spots.
该市以风景优美著称。
4)cover 这个词意思也很丰富，既可作动词，又可作名词。
n. 盖子,封面,藉口，报道
vt. 覆盖,掩饰,保护,掩护,包括
vi. 覆盖;翻唱
例句：The highway was covered with snow.
公路被雪覆盖着。
5)litter n. 垃圾,杂乱 vt. 乱丢
例句：There was litter thrown all over the pavement.
人行道上到处都是扔的垃圾。
litter与rubbish的区别
rubbish: 普通用词，指任何成堆的、破损的、用过的或无用的东西，尤指弃掉的垃圾堆。也可作引申用。
litter: 是四下乱丢物品的总称，尤指散落于地，有碍观瞻的废物。
6)prosecute vt. 起诉, 告发, 从事, 彻底进行
例句：He was prosecuted for exceeding the speed limit.
他被告发超速行驶。
(二)【课文讲解】
1. 大家在看课文的过程中会发现，今天的课文中多次出现be+动词过去分词这种形式，这就是英语中的被动式。
被动式不等于过去分词，确切的说，应该是“Be+过去分词”，例如，give的被动式，就应该是be given。
被动语态的构成：
被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。被动语态的`时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。
一起来看看下面几个句子。
主动语态 He cleans the room .
被动语态 The room is cleaned by him.
否定句 The room isn’t cleaned by him.
疑问句 Is the room cleaned by him?
2. was covered with... 覆盖......
例句： The roof is covered with snow.
屋顶被雪覆盖了。
3. What I saw made me very sad.
句中的主语what I saw 是一个what引导的名词性从句。
例句：What I did surprised him.
他对我的行为感到惊讶。
4. I found a sign which said...
这里的said不当“说”讲，而是“写着......”。
例句：It is said on the blackboard that the homework should be handed in before Tuesday.
黑板上写着作业必须在周二前交。
新概念英语第一册课文翻译及学习笔记Lesson133~134
【课文】
Reporter: Have you just made a new film, Miss Marsh?
Miss Marsh: Yes, I have.
Reporter: Are you going to make another?
Miss Marsh: No, I'm not. I'm going to retire. I feel very tired. I don't want to make another film for a long time.
Kate: let's buy a newspaper, Liz.
Listen to this!
"Karen Marsh: Sensational News! By our reporter, Alan Jones. Karen Marsh arrived at London Airport today. She was wearing a blue dress and a mink coat. She told me she had just made a new film. She said she was not going to make another. She said she was going to retire. She told reporters she felt very tired and didn't want to make another film for a long time."
Liz: I wonder why!
【课文翻译】
记 者：您刚拍完一部新电影吗，马什小姐?
马什小姐：是的，我刚拍完。
记 者：您准备再拍一部吗?
马什小姐：不，我不准备拍了。我准备退休了。我感觉累得很。我早就不想再拍片子了。
凯 特：我们买份报纸吧，莉兹。
你听这段：
“卡伦·马什：爆炸性新闻!由本报记者艾伦·琼斯报导。卡伦·马什今天到达伦敦机场。她穿着一身蓝色的套装和一件貂皮大衣。她告诉我她刚拍完一部新片子。她说她不准备再拍电影了。她说她准备
退休。她告诉记者她感到很疲劳，早就不想再拍电影了。”
莉 兹：我很想知道为什么。
【生词】
reporter n. 记者
sensational adj. 爆炸性的，耸人听闻的，
mink coat 貂皮大衣
【知识点讲解】
(一)单词扩展
1)reporter n. 记者 report v. 报道，报告 同时journalist 也有记者的意思，但更侧重于新闻工作者。
2)sensational adj. 爆炸性的(sensational news); 轰动的，耸人听闻的(sensational crime)
3)mink coat 貂皮大衣 我们常说的皮草(fur coat)
4)retire v. 退休，隐退 retire from 从...上退休 我爸爸去年从公司退休了。My dad retire from his company last year.
(二)【语法讲解】 直接引语&间接引语 (一)
引述别人的话时，一般有两种方式：
1.引用别人的原话，把它放在括号里;成为直接引语;
2.用自己的话加以引述，被转述的话不放在括号里，成为间接引语。
当直接引语变成间接引语时，注意人称，时态变化，用陈述句的语序。
e.g. ① She said, 'I am very happy to help you."
② She said that she was very happy to help you.
(变化中，人称 I→she; am →was)
① "We won't be free."
② The students said they wouldn't be free.
(变化：人称we →they, won't→ wouldn't)
注意：
1. 直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
现在时它需改为过去时态;过去时态改为过去完成时;过去完成时则保留原来的时态。
2.直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”
(例：now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before)
地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”
(例：this 改为that)
新概念英语一册学习方法