General Introduction Yellow Dragon Cave is more beautiful of caves is a typical karst formation, and you know that water plays an extremely important role in its development. Flowing into the fissures of the karst layer, water constantly dissolves the limestone rock, thereby widening the crevice. This process continues year after year and thus the caves are created. The Yellow Dragon Cave system covers a proven area than the outside world.
"Day or night, without fear of rain or wind, all year long, you can delight in its wonderful scenery. The cave is of good beneficial air circulation, and is cool in the summer and warm in the winter.
Yellow Dragon Cave is one of the foremost scenic areas in Zhangjiajie, and was rated as one of the first 4A National Tourist Attractions in China. Also it has been honored as "magical karst cave both in China and in the world".
This system 48 hectares. It is 15 kilometers long and has a vertical rise of 140 meters. The in- ner recess is divided into four layers, two dry ones and two possessing waterways. The tally of natural wonders includes: one natural reservoir, 2 underground rivers, 3 pools, 4 waterfalls, 13 grand halls, 96 passageways and hundreds of thousands of stalagmites, columns and stalactites. The Yellow Dragon Cave is so complex and unfathomable, possessing such a multitude of geological features, that it''s impossible for us to take them all in at one time. This "magical place" abounds with all the sceneries that we can enjoy in the karst caves and the stalagmites are in all different shapes. Many famous scenic spots have been developed: the Dragon Dance Hall, Sounding River, Immortal Waterfall, Heaven Pillar Street, and the Dragon Palace. Except for a short distance near the entrance, we won''t have to do any backtracking in the cave. The entire tour takes about two hours--2400 meters by land and an additional 800 meters by water. Chatting In the eyes of the locals of Zhangjiajie, Yellow Dragon Cave is always a "mysterious place". The waterway within the cave is called Yellow Dragon Spring and it keeps flowing year around. It is said that long, long ago this region suffered a severe drought, so a wizard named He Junru, accompanied by his disciples, entered the cave and beseeched the dragon to send water. The dragon king was touched by their plea and released several drops of water from his mouth, and this produced a deluge outside the cave. At that moment, the wizard was unaware of the refreshing rain out- side; instead, he assumed that the dragon king had somehow reject- ed his appeal. Unfortunately, he stabbed the dragon with his knife. The beast became enraged by this foolish response and spewed out a torrent of water. In a short while the flood inundated the whole region, both inside and outside the cave. The wizard was seriously injured and escaped, and all of his fellow villagers were washed away. Of course, he deeply regretted his blunder, and engraved a few lines of warning on his deathbed at the entrance to the cave so that people would not further offend the dragon: "You must never fetch water from Yellow Dragon Cave, even if you are suffering desperately from a severe drought.
It is just a story anyhow. But how was this cave actually discovered? In the Spring of 1983, Mao Jinchu, a local veteran and military battalion commander, led about ten companies of soldiers into the cave for exploration. After many setbacks and much hard- ship, they were finally able to present to the world the true face of this mysterious "kingdom". In the recesses of the cave, they en- countered swarms of rats (about 2 ~ 2.5 kilograms each) and name- less creatures possessing piercing blue eyes and enormous feet. But don''t be afraid! These terrifying "monsters" have been driven away long ago.
In February of 1984, the local authorities started to develop the cave as a tourist attraction, and set up the Administrative Department of the Yellow Dragon Cave in June of that year. At the end of that year, it was formally opened to outside tourists. And since that time, this "underground pearl" has emitted its Dazzling light and received more and more attention. After their field investigation into this cave system, officials of UNESCO gave these lavish words of praise, "Yellow Dragon Cave is the most beautiful cave we'' ve ever seen--anywhere in the world! And it is especially intriguing that there is such a long river inside, and it is really in- credible. " Including Zhou Guangzhao, the president of the Chinese Science Academy, 15 senior scientists proclaimed, "We have traveled around the world and this cave is the largest, most comprehensive cave we'' ve seen. " More than 70 experts from the Ministry of Geology have drawn a similar conclusion, "Taking into consideration nearly all of the studies of karsts caves, Yellow Dragon Cave is the all round champion
Good morning, Ladies and gentlemen.
Welcome to Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding.
You know, The base is the best destination to know the giant pandas.
Here we can closely observe pandas ,how they rest, eat and play with each other, also, we can learn how to feed them, even we can watch female pandas nursing their cubs .
And more importantly, we can further our understanding of how to protect these beautiful but endangered creatures.
Ladies and gentlemen, now we are at the Adult Panda Enclosure.
Look, there are two giant pandas just coming out from their house.
The bigger one is Huanhuan, a male panda.
And the smaller one is Xixi, a female panda.
Both of them are 4 years old.
You know we are very lucky today, because usually at this time they were still in bed.
Now they are walking towards the fresh bamboo ,it seems that they are going to have their breakfast.
Now while we watch them eat, let me introduce their eating habit to you.
We all know that giant pandas are famous for their love of bamboo.
But do you know how much bamboo a giant panda eats a day? 5kg, 8, 10? Actually, for an adult panda, it eats about 17kg of
bamboo stems a day or 14kg of bamboo leaves, or about 40kg of bamboo shoots.
That’s quite a huge amount, right? So giant pandas almost spend 12-16 hours eating bamboo each day.
And now you may ask why they need to eat so much bamboo? That’s because bamboo has very little nutritional value, so pandas must eat a lot to meet their energy needs.
Besides, to reduce their energy consumption, pandas spend about 10 hours on sleeping everyday.
That’s why the time left for them to play is very little.
Everybody, here comes a confusing question, are giant pandas herbivores? No, there are not
herbivores.
Although they depend so much on bamboo and only about 1% of their diet is made up of other foods.
, Giant pandas are members of the bear family; they have the same digestive structure of carnivores.
In some ways, they are anomalies of evolution.
They are descended from meat-loving carnivores.
In other words, their digestive tract is built to break down meat and is inadequate to break down bamboo.
So pandas can only get small amount of nutrition from bamboo.
That’s another reason why giant pandas have to eat lots of bamboo .
The fact is startling, right? Pandas still eat meat occasionally when it’s available.
But maybe because bamboo is easy to get year-round so evolution favored pandas that rely on bamboo.
For whatever reason, after thousands of years of eating bamboo, they like it more and more, so much so that they prefer it than any other food.
Now, ladies and gentlemen, we have learned why giant pandas need to eat a lot of bamboo every day.
Next I am now going to show you how female pandas feed their cubs.
Please follow me.
We are going to the next site, the giant panda nursing facilities.
Thanks
The Dujiangyan Dam, 45km north of Chengdu, is an ancient technological wonder of the country.
More than 20xx yers ago, Li Bing(250-200BC), as a local governor of the Shu State, designed this water control and irrigation dam and organized thousands of local people to complete the project to check the Mingjiang River.
For many years the river,flooded the Chengdu agricultural area and local farmers suffered a lot from the water disaster.
Due to the success of the project, the dam automatically diverts the Mingjiang River and channels it into irrigation canals.
For many years the dam has continued to make the most of the water conservancy works.
Expansion has been undertaken since 1949 and at present the system does a good job of irrigating farming land across 33counties of the western part of Sichuan Province.
Local people feel proud of the system becaude it has supported a large amount of people in their daily life.
What makes this system so good?
The system is a large hydraulic water project which consists of three main parts: the Fish Mouth Water-Dividing Dam, the Flying Sand Fence, and the Bottle-Neck Channel.
The Fish mouth functions to divide the flow of water into an inner river and an outer river.
Long ago, when Li Bing worked as the local governor of the Shu State, he found the old river canal was too narrow to hold much water, which often overflowed the banks and caused disastrous flood.
Based on natural geographic conditions, he organized the people to build a man-made dam.
The whole dam looks like a fish, and the front dam has a circular cone shaped like a fish mouth.
It is the dam that channels water into an outer canal and an inner canal.
The outer water canal functions as the main stream and holds sixty percent of water in the river.
The extra water goes through the inner canal for irrigation in Chengdu areas.
The Flying Sand Fence joins the inner and outer canals.
The fence functions to controll the flow of water and discharge excess into the inner canal from the main stream.
During the dry season the fence doesn't work much, but when floods occur, the river rushes forward along the outer canal.
As it approaches the fence, the fence,the river begins to turn round fast and soon many whirlpools are formed.
The volatile whirlpools sweep away sand and pebbles and, throw them into the outer canal.
For many years huge bamboo baskets were used as the fence.
They were filled with stones and pebbles.
However,at present, reinforced concrete weir has replaced the ancient fence.
So now, let's discuss the Bottle-Neck Channel.
A trunk canal was cut through the mountain into two parts which link up the inner canal for irrigation.
The small part is later called Li Dui, which means an isolated hill.
Chengdu looks like a large bottle and the trunk canal between the mountain and the hill takes shape of the bottleneck.
The trunk canal technically has two functions: First, it leads the water to irrigate the farming land in western Sichujan; Secondly, the trunk casnal works together with the Flying Sand Weir to keep the flow below a certain point in the inner canal during flood season.
Some stone tablets, which stand on the isolated hill, are engraved in Buddhist Sanskrit.
The local people hope that the Buddhist tablets can exert the Buddhist superpower to harness flood disaster.
For over two thousand years, in fact, the Fish Mouth Water-Dividing Dam, the Flying Sand Weir, and the Bottle-neck Channel automatically work together to control foods and sweep away sand and stones in the main stram.
The local people benefit a lot from this project.
Not far from the Dujiang Dam, a Daoist temple complex was wrwcted was erected to commemorate the benevolent rule of Li Bing and his son who succeeded him.
Li Bing and his son were granted the posthumous title of Wang.
The folk story says that July 24of the Chinese Lunar Calendar is Li Bing' birthday.
On the day many local people visit the temple where they prostrate themselges before the image of Li Bing and his son and burn incense to honor them.
The larger-than-life painted statues of father and son overlook the rushing river below.
Nearby a stone tablet os engraved with a famous six-character quotation from Li Bing,"when the river flows in zigzags, cut a straight channel.
When the riverbeb is wide and shallow, dig it deeper.
" The temple which is built near the mountaintop, is a popular stopping place for sightseers.
There one can enjoy a unique view of the most modern parts of the water conservation project.
People appreciate the ancient wonder, which still works to benefit people today.
I am bibeng red scenic spot of the narrator, whose name was, now, I represent our mysterious Oriental castle - peach QiangZhai all fellows of the tourist spots and the staff to the friends from afar the warmest welcome!
Taoping qiangzhai is one of the main scenic spots in the hongye scenic area. It is located in the east of the county, 158 kilometers from chengdu. There are 98 households in total, 489 people. Legend has it that more than a thousand years ago, a man named tao shu first developed this fertile land, which is called "tao zengping" in history. Since it is rich in peaches, it is also called "peach plateau", later referred to as "taoping". The qiang is called qi zi.
Taoping qiangzhai scenic spot is characterized by its long history, ancient architectural mystery and preservation of ethnic customs. So many experts and scholars call it the mysterious "Oriental castle". On the scenic spots, you can see tall "qiang bleaching", and primitive simplicity and mysterious qiang, and qiang ancestors to defense the enemy aggression and build "nightmarish" and underground water supply system; You can taste the unique qiang cuisine; You can enjoy the enthusiastic and unrestrained qiang song and dance; It can also buy the works of qiang's girls - qiang embroidery crafts and fruit town - peach ping fruits and agricultural and sideline products. Now, please come and visit with me.
You see these houses are called "zhuangfang", the qiang language is "the nest". "Zhuang fang" is made of stone and clay. The average person's house is four or five floors. The next layer is used for raising pigs and raising sheep. The middle layers are used for living and cooking, and the top layer is used to stack food and sundries. The roof is used for wheat, barley, beans and food. This kind of building local materials, economical and practical, warm in winter and cool in summer, and life skills, can use commonly in four thousand five hundred, owing to the housing construction process is very high, so it's not general craftsman can be built. Building this kind of room can be said to be the specialty of the qiang artisan. It is an important symbol of the qiang people's transition from nomads to the farming nation, and also a symbol of the resilience of our qiang people, which has been around for more than 2,000 years. The qiang architects have been studying for more than a decade to reach a higher level. Therefore, the qiang's architects enjoy a high reputation in aba prefecture, and many of the houses in the Tibetan area are built by the qiang craftsmen. The qiang people's houses are interconnected and can support each other once the battle is fought. And these dark, mysterious alleys are a good place for the ambush. An invading enemy rushes into a tunnel, as if into a daze, unable to identify the direction, and eventually to be killed. Let's see, these black holes are the places where you can put your knife and gun.
Ladies and gentlemen, we have come to a very special and historic place. What have you found? Did you hear anything? Right under your feet, there is the greatest ancient building project of our Oriental castle -- the underground water supply system! It is not made of iron tube, is not made of rubber hose or wood, but also made a lot of big green flag silos, the clear water to every household of the doorway, started to fight, and people don't have to out of the alley door can for water to drink, can not only reduce personnel casualties, but also can deal with the enemy, playing a long war of defense. The system has another function: fire protection. If a fire broke out in the village, every household immediately opened the SLATE and water the fire to protect the life and property of the whole people.
Now you see the tall building is called qiang bleaching, we Oriental castle is a landmark building, in history, we have five or six peach qiang bleaching, then damage for several reasons. The remaining two qiang rocks have a history of more than 1,200 years. They experienced thousands of years of wind and rain off harmony in maoxian county 1933 fold creek at 7 8 earthquake and fire in 1935, is still well preserved, but the wind of the qiang people construction process is exquisite. According to the later book (southwest yi), "the qiang people live on the mountain, the base stone is the room, and the high number is the qiong cage of the stomach." Therefore, in history, the qiang block is qiongbao. Qiang rock is very tall, usually 20 or 30 meters, have seven or eight layers, also have a dozen layers. The purpose of the qiang block is to defend against the enemy. The lower layers of the blockhouse are used for soldiers and food, and the highest level is used to observe the enemy and cast smoke. In our national area, there is one such tower at a distance. When they found the enemy, they immediately lit up the smoke screen and quickly spread the war's residence to the hundreds of miles away.
The qiang people love nature and believe that all things have gods, so they worship god, earth god, mountain god, water god, tree god, sheep god and more than 30 kinds of natural gods. Among them, the highest reverence for the god of heaven (white stone). According to legend in ancient times, qiang people with goch in the war of the upper reaches of minjiang river, qiang on the verge of annihilation, qiang female shenmu elder sister bead came in time, three white stone thrown out of heaven, into three great snow mountains, blocking the goch pursuer, saved the qiang children, from then on, the qiang people white stone is regarded as the god.
For historical reasons, the qiang people do not have their own words. Legend has it that, in ancient times, the chief of the qiang people, ababa, had mastered the writings of qiang, written in birch bark, so that he could know what was going on in the world, and that he was capable of fighting wars. One day, he slept for fatigue is too heavy for white time goat broke into his tent and all ate the birchbark scriptures, the white dog spirit pole, not only killed the beloved white time goats, but also to be stripped of its skin, eat its meat, and made the skin drums, the drums to chant buddhist scripture did not recall many days matter of personnel. Therefore, the ancient qiang culture is inherited by oral tradition. Later, the qiang people (dugong) became the inheritors of the qiang culture.
One of the main features of qiang meal, is peach QiangZhai if you had the privilege of the qiang home visit, the hospitable host will give you the fragrance park of nasal qiang home la legs and willow ditch meat, pork, sweet germanium and tendrils, bracken, lung wild herb bag, etc. The qiang girl will give you a mellow wine. You may be intoxicated by the infection of the sweet nooses, and perhaps you will be immortal, and you will never forget it.
Qiang embroidery is a treasure of the splendid culture of the Chinese nation. It's also the best job for our peach girl. Because the qiang girls like to study embroidery since childhood, they have learned the traditional skills of craftsmanship. When it is time to marry, the girls must do their best to embroider some of the best suits, the best yunyun shoes and the best insoles, or they will be despised by the man. So, qiang embroidery can after one thousand years of history and tradition, and exquisite, become the object of study of many experts and scholars and the collection, please do not forget to buy these precious memory of mouth oh!
Qiang songs and dances are also the main features of taoping qiang village. You will feel very sorry to go to taoping qiangzhai to avoid the qiang song and dance. The qiang people have been able to sing and dance for more than 2,000 years. In the long history of the long river, they accompanied their work with the song, with the dance to express their life, gradually formed the passionate and unrestrained artistic style. The qiang songs and dances have the expression of working life; Showing love; There is also the performance of sacrificial activities or the expulsion of spirits. There are many kinds of qiang songs, such as solo singing, singing songs, and group songs, such as changing the song, the flowers, and so on. The qiang salang dance (known as the collective cooking pot) is the most active and unrestrained art form, which can be used by both men and women. Dozens of people, hundreds of songs and dance, the atmosphere is very warm. It was inspired by the qiang people's worship god, and later evolved into a rugged qiang dance, which became a colorful qiba in the qiang dance. Every festival or village wedding, the whole village will gather together, burning a bonfire, drinking the wine, singing the mountain song, the cooking pot, sometimes all night long. In peach QiangZhai travel, you can enjoy the view and admire qiang home singing and dancing, also can take part in the bonfire party, eat the roast mutton, drinking after chang, under the reflect that the big bonfires, dance with qiang home co-eds, to appreciate the profound connotation of ancient qiang culture from it.
Ladies and gentlemen: the qiang zhai song and dance is about to begin. Please go and watch it. I wish you all a good time and have a good time!
Jiuzhaigou's entrance gate was built shortly after Jiuzhaigou was listed into the World Natural Heritage Catalog in 1992. The gate reflects the features of Tibetan remote areas. The bark of logs wraps round the whole gate that appears primitive, but also displays the flavor of thew modern arts. It seems to tell us that you will find yourselves in the world's most exciting and unspoiled nature. As you know, Jiuxhaigou has been crowned with several titles: The World Natural Heritage, The World Bio-sphere Reserve, the Green Globe 21 and The State 4A-Level Scenery. Besides,each site and each image shows something more-the true essence, the spirit, and the magic of Jiuxhaigou, Jiuxhaigou's wonders inspire the country's top photographers and artists because the best of their work is here. Others express their feelings through words, and there are numerous quotes from writers or visitors. However, many others articulate this land that seems indescribable. As the saying goes, it is better to see once than hear a hundred times. I think Jiuzhaigou's reputation attracts all of you to come here for a vidit. I believe, whether you are a frequent visitr or someone who simply enjoys beautiful places, the visit to Jiuzhaigou will be a perfect way to remember the unique sites and beauty of jiuzhaigou in days to come.
Jiuzhaigou scenery is licated in jiuzhaigou County, the ASbe Tibetan and Qiang Nationality Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province. Jiuzhaigou literally means nine Tibetan village gullies, which are all scattered in the scenic area. The names of the villages are Heye, Shuzheng, Zech awa, Heijiao, Panya, Yala, Jianpan, Rexi and Guodu.
Jiuzhaigou scenery has taden shape due to the geographic movement in glaciations, earthquakes and calcification. However, there is some folklore that vividly describes the formation of Jiuzhaigou. Here is a story. A long tome ago, a male and female hilly deities fell in love with each other. The man is called Dage and woman Wonuosemo, who decided to reside in Jiuzhaigou because they deeply loved Jiuzhaigou's birds and animals, and forests and mountains. Unexpectedly a devil called Shemozha found out that the female deity was so beautiful that ho fool in love with her, too. Two devil didn't like the male deity to live here in Jiuzhaigou. Therefore the devil waged a war in orser to drive the male deity out and marry the female deity. A fiere battle occurred between the deity and the devil. During the battle, the female deity was snatched away by the devil. Bewildered, the female deity dropped down to the ground her precious mirror given by the male deity. The mirror was broken into over a hundred pieces, which immediately turned into over hundred high mountains and beautiful lakes. The battle continued, and the male deity and the devil fought all the way from inner Jiuzhaigou to the entrance. Despite that, there was no sign indicating who would win the battle. At this critical moment, Zhayizhaga, the king of multi-mountains arrived to join the fight on the side of the male deity. The king first put a huge screen-shaped cliff behind the devil and then crashed the devil beneath the cliff. The devil was buried there, eith his head off the cliff. Afterwards lical people called the cliff the Devil Cliff. Now ot os called the Precious Mirror Cliff. Since then Jiuzhaigou returned to peace and looked more beautiful due to the newly added over a hundred colorful lakes and mountains. The man and womand lived together in Jiuzhaigou forever as the important deities to safeguard jiuzhaigou.
Jiuzhaigou is 47 km long from the south to the north, 29 km wide from the east to the west, covering an area of 720sq. km. In 1990 Jiuzhaigou became one of 40 best scenic spots in the country; in 20xx Jiuzhaigou was eva luated as one of the first atate 4A-level sceneries in China; in 1992 Jiuzhaigou was listed on the World Bio-sphere Reserve. In Jiuzhaigou scenic area there are three gullies that seem to be in the shape of y. There distributed 108 lakes, 47 splashed waterfalls, 12 tirbi;emt screa,s. 5 shoals and 3 Tibetan villages. All these scenic sites create a unique landscape of jiuzhaigou, to China and the rest of the world.
If you get closer to view the cliff that is over a thousand-ren cliff, you may see a bizarre figure image on the cliff. What does it look alike? It is a devil's face, and it is now called the Precilous Mirror Cliff. Down the cliff is a gully called Zharugou, where stands Zharu Monastery. In Sichuan Tibetan areas local Tibetan people believe in what can be properlyu described as "Lamaism", an ancient strain of Tantric Indian Buddhism, coupled with Tibetan Shamanism. It flourishes in regions inhabited by the Tibetan and Mongolian people. During the reign of Songzan Gapu in the 7th to 9th century, monks from India crossed the Himalayas through Nepal and arrived at Tibet to spread Tantrism. Tantrism, Mahayana and Bon, the indigenous religion of Tibet, intermingled and developed into Lamaism that strongly believes in reincarnation. Lama means "teacher" or "superiorbeing". A lama must be a monk, but not all monks can become lamas. Lamaism has several sects: the Yellow, the Red, the Black and others. The YellowSect, founded by Tsong kha pa in the early 15th century, and rapidly grew into the dominant sect thanks to the support of the Qing government. The Yellow Sect perfected the Tibetan Buddhism and greatly promoted the evolution of the mergence of govetnment administration with religion the Tihetan a Buddha in your present lifetime. The monks in Zharu monastery believe in the Black Sect Buddhismthat is also called Bon. The religious activity of the Black Sect, much more influenced by the indigenous religilon, has centered on the primciplkes that everything has spirit; the Black Sect followers pray to gain happiness and drive out disasters. Yoy may be aware of the dense forest growing along the sides of the road. it mirrors together thescenic sites of main plants in Jiuzhaigou. The evergreen plants consists of Chinese pine, hemlock, fir and dragon spruce; the red-leaf plants are maple, little tiller, smoke tree and others; the yellow-leaf plants are birchm, golden-rain tree, elm, larch, poplar mix together in harmony, offering a rainbow of natural //www.unjs.com/fanwenwang/ziliao/picmonly believe that the colerful plant scenery is one of the main features manifested in Jiuzhaigou. As autumn arrives, the plants keep changing their colors. As colorful leaves and forests are mirrored on the lakes around, the stunning color images seem to allure viewers into a dreamlike world because it is too beautiful to absorb all of them during a time-limited tour.
As you enter into Shuzheng scenic site, and start walking through it, the garden-patterned landscape might inspire your passion to write poems or paint pictures. Here is the Reed Sea. If you close your eyes, you may feel as if you were in the region of rivers and lakes in southern China. Actually the sea is a kind of moisture land that suits the growth of varied water plants. Some fiah swims in the shallow sea, and they have a strange name, called"naked carp"or they has no scales, but belong to the family of the carp. The water in Jiuzhaigou is a big attraction, and is commonly considered the soul of Jiuzhaigou because ot remaons much less touched by human beings. Ginerally the water is so clean that youy can see to the bottim even at 30m in depth. Now we wrrive at the first lake in Jiuzhaigou called Shuanglonghai. You can dimly see two calcified lower banks in the shape of tibbon. Once waves in the lake surges, the two banks seem to wriggle. The local dlegend says that they are two swimming dragons. It is said that there are four dragons in Jiuzhaigou. The dragons in the laks here are two of the four, who take charge of raining and hail. Maybe because they have no strong sense of their duty responsibility, they often make mistakes, and therefore there is no rain when it should rain; there is no hail when ot should hail. Therefore Geshaer, the Tibetan hero has subdued the two evil dragons and imprisoned them at the bottom of the lake.