Hello, everyone. I'm the announcer of Jiayuguan City. It's majestic and magnificent. Here, historical dramas of national wars have been staged, and moving stories of people of all nationalities living in harmony and working together have been spread. The majestic and majestic pass shines in China. The ancient Jiayuguan pass is just like an old man in history. Over the past 600 years, the joys and sorrows of separation and the great changes of vicissitudes are reflected on its ancient green bricks and carved in its heavy earth walls.
Jiayuguan was first built in the fifth year of Hong wu in Ming Dynasty (1372 A.D.) and got its name because it was built on the Jiayu mountain at the West foot of Jiayuguan. It was built nine years earlier than Shanhaiguan, the first pass in the world. The terrain here is very dangerous. In the south is the snow capped Qilian Mountain, and in the north is the rolling Heishan mountain. Between the two mountains, there is only 30 Li. It is the narrowest place in the west of Hexi Corridor, known as "the first pass in Hexi". The big grass beach in Guanxi, with yellow grass and flat sand, is an ancient battlefield. In Guandong, Jiuquan, an important town of the Silk Road, is close to the south slope of Guandong. There is the famous Valley spring water. The "nine eye spring" is clear in winter and summer. It can be used for drinking and irrigating good farmland all year round. These superior natural conditions and strategic geographical location are the main reasons for the establishment of the pass here. As early as the Han Dynasty, a jade barrier was set up at Shiguan gorge, seven Li north of Guancheng. It was built on the mountain to defend against danger. According to historical records, before the Ming Dynasty, there had always been "no city".
After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, in order to strengthen the military defense of Hexi, Feng Sheng, the general of the conquering army, took over Hexi and built a pass here to control the traffic route to the West. According to historical records, Jiayuguan "at the beginning there was water and then there was a pass. It was about building buildings later, building buildings later, and building the Great Wall later. The Great Wall was built and then the pass could be guarded.". It took more than 160 years for Jiayuguan to become a solid defense project. In the fifth year of Hong wu (1372 A.D.) of Ming Dynasty, the earthen city was first built with a circumference of 220 Zhang and a height of about 2 Zhang, which is now the rammed part of the inner city. At that time, it was only about no buildings.
In the eighth year of Hongye reign of Ming Dynasty (A.D. 148), Li Duancheng, a soldier of Suzhou, presided over the construction of Jiayuguan tower at the main gate of Jiayuguan in xiluocheng. That is to say, Jiayuguan tower was built more than 100 years after the completion of the city. According to historical records, "Li Duancheng built the tower with a magnificent view". Another 11 years later, that is, the first year of Zhengde reign of Ming Dynasty (A.D From August 1506 to February of the next year, Li Duancheng built Guanghua building and Rouyuan building in the inner city according to the style and specifications of Guan built in the previous year. At the same time, he also built auxiliary buildings such as official hall and warehouse. In 1539, Zhai Luan, the Minister of state, inspected the defense of Hexi. He thought that it was necessary to strengthen the defense of Hexi, so he built a lot of buildings to strengthen Guancheng, built enemy towers and turrets on Guancheng, and built two wings of the great wall and beacon towers on Guannan and Guanbei.
At this point, a large-scale and magnificent ancient gate stands on the Gobi rock. Like a group of mighty soldiers, it stands between the two mountains, stretching out its arms, firmly guarding the throat of the silk road. In 1873, Zuo Zongtang, the then governor of Zhili, Shaanxi Province, was recovering Yili from passing through Jiayuguan at a speed of one hour. Facing the magnificent and powerful city of Guancheng, he wrote a huge plaque of "the most powerful pass in the world" and hung it on the floor of Jiayuguan, adding a bit of majesty and grandeur to the pass. Lin Zexu, a patriotic general demoted to Yili for banning smoking in the late Qing Dynasty, wrote a famous poem "Ode to Jiayuguan" when he passed by Jiayuguan on October 11, 1842
Close the gate strictly, and March ten thousand miles to horseshoe.
Feige made even Qin tree straight, Zongyuan oblique pressure Longyun low.
Tianshan Mountain is steep and stands on one's shoulders, and the vast sea attracts people.
Who blocked the letter for ever? You can see only 19 mud.
Comrade Mao Zedong, who loved ancient poetry and calligraphy all his life, once wrote this famous poem by hand.
The layout of Xiongguan city is very reasonable, and its architecture is also very proper, which is suitable for the needs of war defense. There are three city corridors and multiple lines of defense in the city. There are cities inside the city and moats outside the city, which form a situation of keeping the city together. If the enemy invades, it can ensure that there is no one.
Since Jiayuguan was built more than 600 years ago, due to wind and rain erosion, large-scale repair has been carried out. Especially in 1986, Jiayuguan municipal Party committee and municipal government responded to Comrade Deng Xiaoping's great call of "love China and build the Great Wall", and advocated people from all walks of life to donate money to raise funds to restore Guancheng. At that time, according to the instructions of Yang lie and other comrades of the State Administration of cultural relics, Jiayuguan "repaired the old as the old and restored the original appearance". After many efforts, Jiayuguan tower finally stood on the magnificent city of Guancheng. Standing on the tower of Jiayuguan, looking out of the pass, there were many feelings about the vicissitudes of the ancient Silk Road due to the erosion of time. Looking back, there was such a couplet recording the vicissitudes of Guan Lou's history:
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the period of the Republic of China, the ruins were destroyed in the stormy years
Love China's slender city construction to restore its original appearance in the era of Shengping and see the spring of China again.
What's more, Luo Zhewen, an expert in the Great Wall studies, also wrote a lot of poems
Jiayu mountain from the coal city, wall high stand gas Xiaosen
Who is the master of the world today.
Jiayuguan City is 6 kilometers southwest of Jiayuguan City. It is located in the middle of the narrowest valley of Jiayuguan. The highest terrain is Jiayu mountain. The city walls on both sides of the city pass cross the desert Gobi, 8 kilometers to the north and 7 kilometers to the south, connecting with the first pier in the world. It is dominated by the western end of the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty, and has been the first pass in Hexi since ancient times.
Guancheng was built in the fifth year of Hong wu (1372) of Ming Dynasty. It took 168 years (1372-1539) from the beginning to the completion of a complete pass. It is the most dangerous one among more than 1000 passes under the jurisdiction of nine towns along the great wall of Ming Dynasty, and it is still well preserved.
In March 1961, it was listed as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in China by the State Council. Because of the precipitous terrain and majestic architecture, it is known as "the world's majestic pass" and "even the border lock Yin".
Jiayuguan is composed of inner city, outer city and moat. It is closely fortified and connected with the Great Wall, forming a military defense system of five li, one flint, ten li, one pier, thirty Li, one fort and one city.
At present, Guancheng is dominated by the inner city, with a perimeter of 640 meters, an area of 25000 square meters, and a height of 10.7 meters. It is rammed with loess, and its west side is covered with brick walls, which is majestic and solid.
There are two gates in the inner city, the east gate is "Guanghua gate", which means Ziqi rises to the East and Guanghua shines; the west gate is "Rouyuan gate", which means to keep the western border stable.
There is a three story hilltop building on the platform. The East and West gates are surrounded by an urn, and the west gate is surrounded by a Luocheng, which is connected with the north and south walls of the outer city. There is a "Jiayuguan" gate leading to the outside of the gate, and a Jiayuguan building is built on it.
There are also 14 archery towers, enemy towers, turrets, attics and gate towers on the inner wall of Jiayuguan. There are guerrilla general's mansion, Jingting and Wenchang Pavilion in the inner wall of Jiayuguan. Outside the east gate, there are related temples, archways and theatres.
The whole building is exquisitely arranged and vigorous, echoing the Shanhai Pass, which is "the first pass in the world" thousands of miles away.
In Jiayuguan, there is a legend in praise of ancient craftsmen. It is said that when Jiayuguan was built in the Ming Dynasty, the official in charge gave the project director a difficult problem and asked him to budget materials accurately.
With the help of the craftsmen, the engineering supervisor made accurate calculations. Results when the project was completed, the bricks, tiles, wood and stone were just used up, leaving only one city brick, which was called "the last brick".
This brick is still on the eaves of the gate tower of Huiji gate (xiwengcheng gate). Tourists will come to see this "last brick" to arouse admiration for the wisdom and wisdom of ancient craftsmen.
Since the construction of Jiayuguan, there have been many wars. From 1515 to 1522, the Manchurian soldiers in Turpan invaded Hexi several times. At that time, Jiayuguan was just a lonely city, so that man su'er's soldiers broke through the city and raided the local people's cattle and sheep.
It wasn't until 1539 that Jiayuguan was built into a complete military defense project. The city of Jiayuguan was locked in the shade while sleeping, and there were bright walls and dark walls. It really became the first pass in the world.
Today, after the repair of Jiayuguan, we can still see the vigorous and dangerous momentum of the frontier. When we climb the building, we can see that the Great Wall is like a dragon floating in the vast sand sea.
Sunny day, or mirage, or plug the scenery, strange scenery, panoramic view.
Dear tourists, now our car is driving on the Badaling Expressway, and we are about to enter the Badaling scenic area. The mountain in front is Jundu mountain, on which the Badaling Great Wall sits. In the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the ancient people of our country began to build the Great Wall. At that time, the vassals fought for hegemony. In order to protect their territory from invasion, they built the Great Wall one after another on their respective borders, which is called the mutual defense great wall.
The road we passed just now is in the ditch. Guangou is the intersection of Yanshan Mountains and Jundushan mountains. It starts from Nankou town of Changping District in the South and ends at Chengguan of Badaling Great Wall in Yanqing County in the northwest, with a total length of 40 Li. It is the throat of the Central Plains to the Northwest Plateau. In the Ming Dynasty, there were four lines of defense, namely Nankou pass, Juyong Pass, Shangguan pass and Badaling pass. On Diecui mountain in Guangou, there was one of the eight famous Yanjing sceneries in Jin Dynasty: Juyong Diecui, but now the sceneries no longer exist.
Badaling Great Wall is an outstanding representative of the great wall of Ming Dynasty. Because it extends in all directions, it becomes Badaling. You may ask why the Great Wall was built here? In fact, this is mainly because of the important geographical location of Badaling area. It not only guards the Ming mausoleum, but also the northwest gate of the capital.
Badaling Great Wall is the witness of many important events in history, such as empress dowager Xiao's tour, the entrance of emperor Taizu of the Yuan Dynasty, Empress Dowager Cixi's flight to the west, etc. Here's another story to tell: there is a huge stone beside the east gate of Guancheng. It's said that in 1900, the Eight Power Allied forces invaded Beijing. Cixi passed here on her way to escape to the West. She once stood on this stone and looked back at the capital, so this stone is also called Wangjing stone. But now the stone is less prominent.
There is a saying that we all know: not to the Great Wall is not a hero. Just introduced so many landscapes, you must be eager to come to the scenic spot for sightseeing, don't worry, you will become a hero soon. Well, here is the famous Badaling Great Wall. In the distance, there is a magnificent scenery. Looking down, it is Wengcheng, an important part of the Great Wall. It is usually built on the roads with dangerous terrain. The distance between the two gates of Wengcheng is 63.9 meters. The plaque on the west gate is the key to the north gate. I have already said that. The plaque of the east gate is: Juyong Town, which means another important town outside Juyong Pass. Now let's look down to the right. On the south side of dengchengkou, there is a cannon named Shenwei general. It was made in Chongzhen period.
Dear tourists, now our car is driving on the Badaling Expressway, and we are about to enter the Badaling scenic area.
The mountain in front is Jundu mountain, on which the Badaling Great Wall sits. In the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the ancient people of our country began to build the Great Wall. At that time, the vassals fought for hegemony. In order to protect their territory from invasion, they built the Great Wall one after another on their respective borders, which is called the mutual defense great wall.
In China, there were three peaks of building the Great Wall, namely, the Qin Great Wall, the Han great wall and the Ming Great Wall. In 221 BC, the first emperor of Qin unified the Central Plains and established the Qin Dynasty. In order to strengthen the rule and defend against the invasion of northern nomads, he sent General Meng Tian 300000 and a lot of labor to connect and expand the great wall of Yan, Zhao and Qin in the north. It took nine years to build a great wall stretching from Lintao in the west to Liaodong in the East, which is the first great wall in Chinese history the Great Wall.
In the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty built a great wall of nearly 20000 Li in order to strengthen the defense, "not called Hu Ma Du Yin Mountain", which also protected the newly developed silk road. The great wall of the Han Dynasty was a forward position and defense line of the great wall of the Qin Dynasty. It started in the West and reached Liaodong in the East, which was the longest Dynasty in the history of China.
The great wall of Ming Dynasty is the highest peak of the Great Wall Construction in the history of China. The great engineering and the fine technology are unique. In the process of unifying the whole country and establishing the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang adopted the suggestion of "building walls high, accumulating grain widely and being king slowly". At that time, although the Yuan Dynasty had perished, it still maintained a relatively complete military strength, coupled with the continuous invasion of the rising Nuzhen people, so it began to build the Great Wall.
In the Ming Dynasty, the Great Wall was built 18 times on a large scale. It was not completed until the end of the Ming Dynasty. The Ming Great Wall, with a total length of 6350 km, starts from Hushan on the side of Yalu River in Dandong, Liaoning Province in the East and ends at Jiayuguan, Gansu Province in the West. The great wall of Ming Dynasty has three characteristics: complete construction, perfect management and strict layout. The Badaling Great Wall we see today is a part of the Ming Great Wall. Although the original purpose of the Great Wall in ancient China was defense, it also played other roles. m. LVyougl.com
The first is the military role. The second is the economic role. It not only promotes the development of farming and the economic development of Northern Xinjiang, but also promotes the people of the Central Plains to live and work in peace and contentment. The third is to promote the integration of all ethnic groups. In addition, it protects communications and promotes opening up.
It is worth mentioning that in ancient China, there were not only three experiences of building the Great Wall. According to statistics, more than 20 vassal states and feudal dynasties had built the Great Wall in the past two thousand years. Some people have made rough calculations. If the Great Wall is rebuilt into a big wall with a height of 5 meters and a thickness of 1 meter, there will be more than 10 circles around the earth. Famous Folklore: the Great Wall was also built on the Great Wall.
Today, after several renovations, the Great Wall has basically restored its former appearance. In 1987, it was listed in the world cultural heritage list by UNESCO. Moreover, it is also one of the six regions in the world, with a total length of 10 kilometers. 80000 Li.
The road we passed just now is in the ditch. Guangou is the intersection of Yanshan Mountains and Jundushan mountains. It starts from Nankou town of Changping District in the South and ends at Chengguan of Badaling Great Wall in Yanqing County in the northwest, with a total length of 40 Li. It is the throat of the Central Plains to the Northwest Plateau. In the Ming Dynasty, there were four lines of defense, namely Nankou pass, Juyong Pass, Shangguan pass and Badaling pass. On Diecui mountain in Guangou, there was one of the eight famous Yanjing sceneries in Jin Dynasty: Juyong Diecui, but now the sceneries no longer exist.
The railway we saw just now is the first one designed and built by Chinese people, the Beijing Zhangjiakou Railway designed by Zhan Tianyou. Because the terrain of Badaling area is complex and there are many technical difficulties, the herringbone railway designed by Zhan Tianyou has successfully solved the problem that the car can't climb and turn directly, and the 1091 meter long tunnel has also made people at home and abroad admire.
Now the bronze statue set up in Qinglongqiao railway station is Zhan Tianyou's, as well as the monument. Guangou is famous for Juyong Pass. We can see that the magnificent building in front of it is Juyong Pass. Its name originated from the Qin Dynasty. It got its name because the first emperor of Qin migrated "Yongtu" to live here. In Guannei, there is a famous white marble platform, which is Yuntai. It was a street crossing Pagoda in Yuan Dynasty. There were three Tibetan pagodas on it, which were destroyed in the earthquake.
In the Ming Dynasty, the Tai'an temple was built in the original place, but it was destroyed in the Kangxi period, leaving only the plinth and pillar that we see now. The cloud platform covers an area of 310 square meters. On the ticket door under the platform are relief sculptures of lions, elephants, four elephants and golden winged birds, representing the mounts of five Buddhas and five Buddhas of Tantric Buddhism, as well as the relief sculptures of the eight Dharma protectors of Tianlong. On the inner wall, there are relief carvings of four heavenly kings and the design of divine beasts. On the top of the ticket, there are Mandala designs. Among the flowers, there are 2215 Buddha statues.
There are also six kinds of inscriptions of the Dharma Sutra and the story of the merits and virtues of building pagodas, which are fine works of art of the Yuan Dynasty and have high artistic value.
Badaling Great Wall is an outstanding representative of the great wall of Ming Dynasty. Because it extends in all directions, it becomes Badaling. You may ask why the Great Wall was built here? In fact, this is mainly because of the important geographical location of Badaling area. It not only guards the Ming mausoleum, but also the northwest gate of the capital.
Badaling Great Wall is the witness of many important events in history, such as empress dowager Xiao's tour, the entrance of emperor Taizu of the Yuan Dynasty, Empress Dowager Cixi's flight to the west, etc.
Here's another story to tell: there is a huge stone beside the east gate of Guancheng. It's said that in 1900, the Eight Power Allied forces invaded Beijing. Cixi passed here on her way to escape to the West. She once stood on this stone and looked back at the capital, so this stone is also called Wangjing stone. But now the stone is less prominent.
There is a saying that we all know: not to the Great Wall is not a hero. Just introduced so many landscapes, you must be eager to come to the scenic spot for sightseeing, don't worry, you will become a hero soon. Well, here is the famous Badaling Great Wall. In the distance, there is a magnificent scenery. Looking down, it is Wengcheng, an important part of the Great Wall. It is usually built on the roads with dangerous terrain.
The distance between the two gates of Wengcheng is 63.9 meters. The plaque on the west gate is the key to the north gate. I have already said that. The plaque of the east gate is: Juyong Town, which means another important town outside Juyong Pass. Now let's look down to the right. On the south side of dengchengkou, there is a cannon named Shenwei general. It was made in Chongzhen period.
Badaling Great Wall is composed of three platforms and two walls. What is three platforms and two walls? Now let me explain to you that the three platforms are city platform and enemy platform. The structure of city platform is very simple, just a place for garrison officers and soldiers to stay away from the wind and cold.
The structure of the enemy platform is relatively complicated. It is divided into two layers. The lower layer is composed of fields, wells, loops and other shapes. The upper layer has crenels and observation holes for observing military information and archery. Therefore, it also has the function of defending the enemy.
Next came the beacon tower, also known as beacon, wolf Yantai. It is an independent building not connected with the Great Wall. Once the enemy invades, it will light a beacon to inform the military. The ancients said that the smoke lit in the daytime is called beacon, and the smoke lit in the evening is called flint.
In the Ming Dynasty, the relationship between the beacon fire and the enemy was strictly regulated: more than 100 enemies, one smoke and one gun; five white people, two smoke and two guns; more than 1000 people, three smoke and three guns; more than 5000 people, four smoke and four guns; more than 10000 people, five smoke and five guns. In this way, the military information at the border can be quickly transmitted to the imperial city.
Having said that, let's talk about the two walls. The high wall on the outside of the Great Wall is called Diqiang, which has crenels to defend the enemy. The inner side less than one meter high is called the parapet, also known as the Yu wall.
In the beginning, there was no parapet inside the Great Wall, but people often fell off the cliff, so this wall was built. At the base of the wall of the Great Wall, there is a small ditch not far away. On rainy days, the water is drained from the spout to prevent water from scouring the wall.
And the wall of the Great Wall is made of stone blocks inside, with bricks on the outside and stone slabs on the top, which makes the building very firm!