初一英语语法:词法
1、名词
A)、名词的数
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：
一)在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy- comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯
五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六)单复数相同(不变的)有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七)一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八)单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员
九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十)有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡
十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或's。如：Is (I's), Ks (K's)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二) 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B)名词的格
当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：
一)单数在后面加's。如：brother's, Mike's, teacher's
二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加'，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers' Day教师节, classmates'; Children's Day六一节, Women's Day三八节
三)由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个's，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Ben's room迈克和本的房间(共住一间)，Mike's and Ben's rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)
初一英语语法:句式和时态
句式
1.陈述句
肯定陈述句 a) This is a book. (be动词)
b) He looks very young. (连系动词)
c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词)
d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词)
e) There's a computer on my desk. (There be结构)
否定陈述句 a) These aren't their books.
b) They don't look nice.
c) Kate doesn't go to No. 4 Middle School.
d) Kate can't find her doll.
e) There isn't a cat here. (=There's no cat here.)
2. 祈使句
肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man.
b) Let's learn English!
c) Come in, please.
否定祈使句a) Don't be late.
b) Don't hurry.
3. 疑问句
1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student?
b) Can I help you?
c) Does she like salad?
d) Do they watch TV?
e) Is she reading?
肯定回答: a) Yes, he is.
b) Yes, you can.
c) Yes, she does.
d) Yes, they do.
e) Yes, she is.
否定回答: a) No, he isn't.
b) No, you can't.
c) No, she doesn't.
d) No, they don't.
e) No, she isn't.
2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It's big./ It's small.
3) 特殊疑问句
① 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.
② 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.
③ 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.
④ 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.
How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.
⑤ 问原因 Why do you want to join the club?
⑥ 问时间 What's the time? (=What time is it?) It's a quarter to ten a.m..
What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o'clock.
When do you want to go? Let's go at 7:00.
⑦ 问地方 Where's my backpack? It's under the table.
⑧ 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.
What's your favourite color? It's black.
⑨ 问人物 Who's that? It's my sister.
Who is the boy in blue? My brother.
Who isn't at school? Peter and Emma.
Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
⑩ 问东西 What's this/that (in English)? It's a pencil case.
What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.
初一英语语法:时态
1. 一般现在时
定义：表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作。
构成：肯定形式：主语+be动词(am/is/are)+其他
否定形式：主语+be动词(am/is/are)+not+其他
一般疑问句：把be动词置于句首
2. 一般过去时
定义：过去某个特定时间发生，也可以表示过去习惯性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响，只说明过去。
构成：肯定形式：主语+be动词(was/were)+其他
否定形式：主语+be动词(was/were)+not+其他
一般疑问句：把be动词置于句首，并还原行为动词
3. 一般将来时
定义：表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。
构成：肯定形式：主语+shall/will+动词原形+其他
否定形式：主语+shall/will+not+动词原形+其他
一般疑问句：把助动词shall/will放在句首
4. 现在进行时
定义：表示现在或当前一般时间正在进行的动作。可以表示有计划的未来。
构成：肯定形式：主语+be动词(am/is/are)+动词的-ing形式+其他
否定形式：主语+be动词(am/is/are)+not+动词的-ing形式+其他
一般疑问句：把be动词置于句首
5. 过去进行时
定义：示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。
构成：肯定形式：主语+be动词(was/were)+动词的-ing形式+其他
否定形式：主语+be动词(was/were)+not+动词的-ing形式+其他
一般疑问句：把was/were置于句首
6. 现在完成时
定义：表示现在已经完成的动作或存在的状态，并对现在造成一定的影响和后果;另外，还表示从过去一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去。
构成：肯定形式：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他
否定形式：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他
一般疑问句：把have/has置于句首
7. 过去完成时
定义：表示到过去某个时间已经完成的动作或存在的状态，概括地说是表示“过去的过去”。
构成：肯定形式：主语+had+动词的过去分词+其他
否定形式：主语+had+not+动词的过去分词+其他