初中英语语法汇总
1.be动词顺口溜
(我 I)用am ， (你 you)用are ， is跟着(他 he) ， (她 she) ， (它 it) ， is跟着单数走 ， 复数永远连着are
2.一般疑问句
1)由be动词(am/is/are)开头的问句：Is he a pupil?Are you a teacher?
2)助动词do/does开头的问句
3)情态动词can开头的问句
4)动词have/has开头的问句
3.规则名词单数变复数
1)一般情况下，在名词后加-s;
2)词尾是s，x，ch，sh结尾的词，在词尾后加-es;
3)“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i，再加-es;以y结尾的专有名词或“元音字母+y”结尾的词，直接加-s;
4)以“元音字母+o”结尾的词，在词尾加-s;“辅音字母+o”结尾的词，在词尾加-es;
5)以-f/fe结尾的词，变复数，将-f/fe改为v加es;
顺口溜：妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf)，小偷(thief)吓得发了慌;躲在架(shelf)后保己(self)命(life)，半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。注：roof-roofs
4.一般疑问句的否定结构
把not放在一般疑问句的主语之后，即构成一般疑问句的否定结构.eg.Is she not a student?eg.Have you not any sisters?eg.Can she not do it?
5.陈述句转疑问句及回答
This is a watch.-àIs this a watch?Yes，it is(不许缩写).No，it isn’t(必须缩写).
6.陈述句变否定句
This is a watch.→This is not(isn’t) a watch.
7.几个发音特殊的辅音字母
A.字母c在 a，l，o，r，u 等前读[k] ， 如come [k ?m]，coat [k ?ut] 等.
字母c在 e，I，y 前读[s] ， 如 pencil [pensl] 等.
B.字母g一般读[g] ， 如go [g?u] ， leg [leg]等，
字母g和e(即ge)在词尾读 [d?] ， 如orange [?rind?]等
C.双写辅音字母虽然是两个相同的辅音字母写在一起，但只读一个音，如apple[? pl]egg[eg]等。
8.名词所有/属格
英语的名词有三种格：即主格、宾格和所有格。名词中表示所有关系的形式叫做名词的所有格，意为”……的”。
中考英语常用句型
句型1：There+be +主语+地点状语/ 时间状语
There’s a boat in the river. 河里有条船。
句型2：What’s wrong with+sb. / sth. ?What’s wrong with your watch?你的手表有什么毛病?
句型3：How do you like...?How do you like China?你觉得中国怎么样?
句型4：What do you like about...?What do you like about China?你喜欢中国的什么?
句型5：had better(not)+动词原形You’d better ask that policeman over there. 你最好去问问那边的那个警察。
句型6：How+adj. / adv. +主语+谓语!What a/ an+adj. +n. +主语+谓语!How cold it is today !今天多冷啊!What a fine picture it is!多美的一幅图画呀!
句型7：Thank+sb. +for(doing)sth.Thank you for coming to see me. 感谢你来看我。
句型8：So+be/ 情态动词/ 助动词+主语He is a student. So am I. 他是一个学生，我也是。
句型9：... not ... until ...He didn’t have supper until his parents came back. 直到他的父母回来他才吃饭。
句型10：比较级+and+比较级The baby cried harder and harder. 那孩子哭得越来越厉害。
句型11：the +比较级，the +比较级The more one has，the more one wants. 越有越贪。
句型12：... as + adv.+as ...…not as(so) +adj. / adv. +as ...Do you think that art is as important as music?你认为艺术和音乐一样重要吗?Last Sunday the weather was not so wet as it is today. 上个星期天的天气不如今天的天气潮湿。
句型13：more/ less +adj.+than...I think art is less important than music. 我认为艺术不如音乐重要。
句型14：stop…from doing sth.The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from blowing the earth away. 绿色长城将阻挡风吹走土壤。
句型15：both ... and ...Both you and I are students. 我和你都是学生。
句型16：either ... or...Either you or he is wrong . 不是你错就是他错。
句型17：neither ... nor ...Neither he nor I am a student. 我和他都不是学生。
句型18：... as soon as ...As soon as I see him，I’ll give him the message. 我一见到他，我就把你的消息告诉他。
句型19：... so+adj. / adv.+that ...I was so tired that I didn’t want to speak. 我累得连话也不想说了。
句型20：Though...+主句Though I like writing to my pen-friend，it takes a lot of time. 虽然我喜欢给笔友写信，但它要耗费我大量时间。
句型21：be going toThis afternoon I’m going to buy a Qisu English book. 今天下午我要去买本奇速英语书。
句型22：be different fromI think this is different from Chinese names. 我认为这与汉语名字不同。
句型23：Welcome(back)to...Welcome back to school!欢迎回到学校!
句型24：have fun doingWe’re going to have fun learning and speaking English this term. 这学期我们将兴味盎然地学习和讲英语。
句型25：... because ... / ...，so ...I don’t know all your names because this is our first lesson. 因为这是我们的第一节课，所以我并不知道你们所有人的名字。
句型26：Why don’t you ... / Why not ...Why don’t you come to school a little earlier?为什么不早点到校呢?
句型27：make itLet’s make it half past nine. 让我们定在九点半吧!
句型28：have nothing to doThey have nothing to do every day. 他们每天无所事事。
句型29：be sure/ be sure of/ about sth. / be sure to do sb.I think so, but I’m not sure. 我想是这样，但不敢确定。I was not sure of / about the way，so I asked someone. 我对于怎么走没有把握，所以我问别人了。
句型30：between ... and ...There is a shop between the hospital and the school. 在那家医院和那所学校之间有一家商店。
句型31：keep sb. / sth. + V-ing/ 介词补语/ adv.You must keep your classroom clean. 你们必须保持教室干净。Sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起，让你久等。Can you keep him in the room ?你能让他在这个房里吗?Keep them here. 让他们在这儿呆着。
句型32：find +宾语+宾补He finds it very hard to travel around the big city . 他发现要环游这个大城市是很难的。
句型33：... not ... anymore/ longerThe old man doesn’t travel any more. 这位老人不再旅行了。He isn’t a thief any longer. 他不再是个贼。
句型34：What’s the weather like...?What’s the weather like in spring in your hometown ?在你们家乡春天天气怎么样?
句型35：There is no time to do/ have no time to doThere was no time to think. 没有时间思考。I have no time to go home for lunch. 我没有时间回家吃午饭。
句型36：Help oneself to...Help yourself to some fish. 吃鱼吧!
句型37：used to doI used to read this kind of story books. 我过去常读这种故事书。
句型38：borrow ... fromI borrowed a Qisu English book from him. 我从他那借了一本奇速英语书。
句型39：lend sb. sth. / lend sth. to sb.
He lent me a story book / He lent a story book to me. 他借了本故事书给我。
句型40：have been toHave you ever been to Haw aii?你曾去过夏威夷吗?
句型41：have gone toWhere’s he?He’s gone to Washington. 他在哪儿?他去华盛顿了。
句型42：be famous forHawaii is famous for its beautiful beaches. 夏威夷以它美丽的海滩而出名。句型43：No matter +疑问句+主句No matter when you come，you are welcomed. 无论你们什么时候来，都受欢迎。
句型44：be afraid(of / todo / that...)I’m afraid not. 恐怕不能。Don’t be afraid of making mistakes when speaking English. 当说英语时不要害怕犯错误。
句型45：... as ... as possible / ... as ... as sb canI hope to see him as soon as possible. 我希望能尽快见到他。He ran here as fast as he could. 他尽最大努力跑到这儿。
句型46：practise / enjoy / finish doingA young man practised speaking English with Mr Green. 一个年青人和格林先生练习说英语。Tom enjoys playing football very much. 汤姆很喜欢踢足球。He finished reading the story book. 他看完了那本故事书。
句型47：It’s said that ...It’s said that one of the most dangerous sharks is the Great White Shark. 据说最危险的鲨鱼之一是大白鲨。
句型48：Not all / everyone ...Not all sharks are alike. 并不是所有的鲨鱼都一样。Not everyone likes dumplings. 并不是每个人都喜欢饺子。
句型49：be based onHis argument is based on facts. 他的论断是以事实为根据的。
句型50：... so that ...Put the tree in the hole so that it is straight. 把树放入洞穴中，让它立直。
句型51：be+num. +metres / kilometres / years...+long / wide / deep / high / old...The Great Green Wall is 7，000 kilometres long. 绿色长城长7000公里。The river is about 2 metres deep. 这条河大约有2米深。The boy is about 12 years old . 这个男孩约12岁。
句型52：keep ... from doingThe heavy rain kept us from starting out. 大雨阻止了我们出发。
句型53：with one’s help...With Tom’s help，I’ve come to America to study further. 在汤姆的帮助下，我来美国深造。
句型54：I don’t think ...I don’t think any of them is interesting. 我认为他们中任何一个都无趣。
句型55：What’s the population of ...?What’s the population of Germany ?德国的人口有多少?
句型56：prefer to do … rather than do
They prefer to buy a new one rather than repair it. 他们更喜欢买一辆新车，而不愿去修理它。
句型57：be worth (doing) …This book is worth reading. 这本书值得读。
句型58：regard … asThey regarded their pets as members of their families. 他们把宠物视为家庭成员。
句型59：be confident ofI’m confident of success. 我确信会成功。
句型60：seem to do / seem +adj. / (介词短语)He seems to be angry. 他似乎生气了。The house seems too noisy. 这房子似乎太吵了。
句型61：be angry with / about / at(doing)We’re all very angry with ourselves. 我们都很生自己的气。I was angry about his decision to build a factory here. 我很生气他决定把工厂建在这儿。I was angry at being kept waiting. 这样一直等我很生气。
句型62：pay for / pay … forHe paid for the book and went away. 他付完书款便离开了。I paid him ￡200 for the painting. 买这幅画我付了他200英镑。
2021年中考英语语法专题详解
专题一 名词
1. 名词的数
概述: 名词按其表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词及其单复数：可数名词有单复数变化，其前通常用不定冠词和数词来修饰，还可用many, few, a few, some, any, plenty of, lots of, a number of 等修饰。构成名词复数形式的方法分为规则法和不规则法两种。
复数的规则构成法：绝大多数英语中的名词复数都是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的。具体规则如下图：
规则 | 例词 |
一般情况下加-s | apple-apples, ruler-rulers |
以s, x, ch，sh,结尾的加-es | bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches, brush-brushes |
以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y变成i再加-es | city-cities, county-countries |
以f或fe结尾的，把f或fe变成v,再加-es | knife-knives, leaf-leaves |
以o结尾的，有的词尾加-es，有的加-s | 在初中英语范围内加-es的主要有以下4个：tomato-tomatoes，potato-potatoes Hero-heroes， Negro-Negroes |
2) 复数的不规则构成法：
a.单复同形的：Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese, deer-deer, sheep-sheep, fish-fish(表示鱼的数量)
b. 熟记下列词的复数变化：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, child-children
c. 以man, woman做定语构成的复合名词，变复数时要全变：a man teacher-two men teachers; 其他情况一般只变主体名词而作定语的名词不变：a girl student-two girl students
3. 不可数名词：不可数名词没有单复数。如：water, meat, air等。在表示数量时，通常用以下方法。
1)用some, much, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of 等表示多少。
There is little milk at home.
The old man has lots of money.
2) 若要表示不可数名词的数量，应用“数词+量词+of+名词”这种形式，若数字超过一，量词应用复数形式。如：a glass of water-two glasses of water, a piece of bread-two pieces of bread
2. 专有名词：专有名词是表示特定的人，事物， 地点等，如：Tom, China, the United Kingdom. 专有名词的第一个字母一般大写，大部分专有名词前一般不用冠词。
3. 名词的所有格：
1. 概述：名词的所有格在句中是表示所有关系，作定语。
2. 名词所有格的构成：名词所有格包括 –s所有格和of所有格两种形式。无生命的名词的所有格通常用of短语来表示所有关系。如：the name of the school, the window of the house等。–s所有格主要用于有生命的东西和表示时间，距离，国家等的名词后。构成方法如下：
一般直接在名词后加’s. 如：Jim’s book
复数名词的所有格，若以s/es结尾只加撇号，不以s/es结尾仍加’s。如：
Children’s Day, the teachers’ office.
3)“ and”连接的并列名词的所有格，表示两人“共有”只在后一个名词尾加’s; 表示“各自拥有”，两个名词尾都要加’s. 如：Jim and Lucy’s book(共有); Jane’s and Tom’s books(不共有)
4)表示店铺或某人的家等处所时，常在名词的所有格后省去shop, house, home等。如：the barber’s, at my uncle’s
5) 表示时间，距离，国家，城市的无生命名词，可以在词尾加’s或’表示所有格，如：today’s newspaper, five minutes’ walk.
3. 双重所有格
1)名词双重所有格的含义：of+名词所有格称为双重所有格，这种结构中，of前面是一部分，of后面是一个整体。
例如：Mr Wang is a friend of my father's. (=Mr Wang is one of my father's friends.) 王先生 是我父亲的一个朋友.
2)名词双重所有格的构成方法：
a. of前面的名词前面通常有一个含泛指意义的限定词，如a, any, some, no, few, several以及two, three等。例如：
Have you read any stories of Lei Feng's? 你看过雷锋的故事吗?
They gave me some books of theirs. 他们把他们的一些书给了我。
Three classmates of my sister's have found good jobs. 我姐姐的三个同学已经找到了好工作。
b. 有时of前面的名词前面可以用指示代词this, that表示某种感情色彩。例如：
That answer of Jim's was right. 吉姆的那个回答是对的。
Something is wrong with this eye of mine. 我的这只眼睛出了毛病。
c. of后面带有's的名词或名词性物主代词通常是特指的人。例如：
That's a book of Lu Xun's. 这是鲁迅的一本书。
This is a child of theirs. 那是他们的一个孩子。
3)名词的双重所有格与“of + 名词”结构之间的区别：
a.. 句子所表达的侧重点不同。试比较：
He is a friend of my father's. (着重说明“父亲”的朋友不止一个)
He is a friend of my father. (着重说明“他”是父亲的一个朋友)
b. of前面是picture等词时，含义不同。试比较：
This is a picture of my teacher's. 这是我老师收藏的一张照片。
This is a picture of my teacher. 这是我老师的一张照片。
实战演练(2×50)
1. June 1st is ____ Day all over the world.
A. Child’s B. Children’s C. Childrens’
2. September 10th is ___ Day in China.
A. Teacher’s B. Teachers’ C. Teacher
3. This is _______ news.
A. such a good B. a very good C. such good
4.—What ______ it is!
—Let’s go out to have a picnic.
A. a fine weather B. fine day C. a fine day
5. Tom and I go to school _____ every day.
A. on feet B. on foot C. by foot
6. –Are those _____?
-No, they aren’t. They’re _____.
A. sheep; cows B. sheep; cow C. sheeps; cow
7. A group of ____ are talking with two ___ over there.
A. Frenchmen; Germans B. Frenchmen; Germen C. German; Frenchmen
8. That doctor drank two _____.
A. glass of water B. glasses of waters C. cups of tea
9. Mrs. Smith is an old friend of _______.
A. Bob mother B. Bob’s mother’s C. mother of Bob
10. The tall man with a big nose is _______ classmate.
A. Tom and Carl B. Tom’s and Carl’s C. Tom and Carl’s
11.In ____ time, there will be more tall buildings in our city.
A. few year B. a few years’ C. a few year’s
12. How many ___ do you want every month?
A. milk B. water C. apples
13. –Whose is this new bicycle?
-It’s _____.
A. Sue and Jim’s B . Sue and Jim C. Sue’s and Jim’s
14. –Would you like _____tea?
-No, thanks. I’ve drunk two __.
A. any; bottles of orange B. a little; bottle of oranges C. some; bottles of orange
15. –How many _____ do you want?
-Two, please.
A. kilos of egg B. kilo of eggs C. kilos of eggs
16. The bus stop is two _____ from our house.
A. hour’s drive B. hours’ drive C. hour-drive
17. –Where are you going, Amy?-_______.
A. To my uncle B. To my uncle’s C. At my uncle
18. Have you read _____?
A. a newspaper of today’s B. today newspaper C. today's newspaper
19. Lucy put a lot of ____ in ____ of tea.
A. sugar; the two cup B. sugars; the two cups C. sugar; the two cups
20. Tomatoes, broccoli, and ____ are vegetables.
A. bananas B. potatoes C. noodles
21. –Help yourself to some _________.
-Thank you. I really like them.
A. fish B. orange C. cakes
22. The little baby has two _______ already.
A. tooth B. a tooth C. teeth
23. We all had ______ last month. Did you travel to anywhere?
A. three days’ holiday B. three day’s holiday C. three-days holiday
24. When autumn comes, ______ of most trees turn yellow and then fall down.
A. leaf B. leave C. leaves
25. Tomorrow I'm going to my________. It's a _________.
A aunt...five minutes' walk B aunt's...five minute's walk
C aunt's...five minutes' walk
26. A computer is one of the greatest ________in this century.
A inventors B inventions C invitations
27. We haven't ________ homework to do today.
A many B some C much
28. Three hours________enough for a__________boy to read books.
A is...ten-year-old B are...ten-year-old C is...ten-years-old
29. _________that pair of new_________nice?
A Is...shoe B Are...shoes C Is...shoes
30.Mary, I've bought many_______. Now let's make the birthday cake.
A fresh eggs B chocolate milk C food
31. The two ________are my________.
A woman doctors... friends B women doctors... friends
C women doctors... friend
32. These are________houses.
A Lee and my uncle B the Lee's and my uncle's
C theLees' and my uncle
33. We are__________.They are_________.
A Chinese...Germen B Chinese...German
C Chinese...Germans
34. There ______ a pencil and two books on the desk.
A. has B. is C.are
35. A number of students ______ for the school bus now.
A. is waiting B. are waiting C. waits
36. The number of students in the class ______ large.
A. are B. has C.is
37. A _____ is used for keeping warm.
A. stamp B. scarf C. key
38. There is no _______ in the bus so we have to wait for another bus.
A. room B. a room C. rooms
39. ---This is a photo of _________ when they were young.
---OK, how happy they both looked!
A. my father and mother B. my mother and father's
C. my mother's and father's
40. The new student is in __________ , Grade Two.
A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three
41. --- What would you like to drink, girls?
--- _________, please.
A.Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffee C. Two coffee
42 During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for ______
A. fun B. wishes C. interest
43. They are those _________ bags. Please put them on the bus.
A. visitor B. visitor's C. visitors'
44.--- How many students are there in your school?
--- There are two ___________.
A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundreds of
45. ---What do you think of the _______ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven?
-- It sounds really wonderful.
A. subject B. music C. book
46. There is not enough _________ in the corner for the TV.
A. place B. room C. field
47. If you don't take more ________, you'll get fat.
A. medicine B. lessons C. exercise
48. My school is about twenty ________ walk from here.
A. minute B. minutes' C. minutes
49. Mum, I have _______ to tell you!
A. a good news B. some good news C. many good news
50. Maths ________ not easy to learn.
A. are B. is C. am
参考答案：
1-5:BBCCB; 6-10:AACBC; 11-15: BCACC; 16-20:BBCCB; 21-25:CCACC;26-30：BCACA