结构用语
1、开头用语：
良好的开端等于成功的一半。在写作文时，通常以最简单也最常用的方式---开门见山法。也就是说, 直截了当地提出你对这个问题的看法或要求，点出文章的中心思想。
（1）议论论文
A. Just as every coin has two sides, carshave both advantages and disadvantages．
B.Compared to/ In comparison with letters, e-mails are more convenient.
C. When itcomes to computers, some people think they have brought us a lot ofconvenience. However,...
D.Opinions are divided on the advantages and disadvantages of living in the cityand in the countryside.
E. As isknown to all/ As we all know, computers have played an important role/part inour daily life.
F. Why doyou go to university? Different people have different points of view.
（2）书信
A. I amwriting to you to apply for admission to your university as a visiting scholar.
B. I readan advertisement in today’s China Daily and I apply for the job...
C. Thankyou for your letter of May 5.
D. Howhappy I am to receive your letter of January 9.
E. Hownice to hear from you again.
（3）口头通知或介绍情况
A. Ladiesand gentlemen, May I have your attention, please. I have an announcement tomake.
B.Attention, please. I have something important to tell you.
C. Mr.Green, Welcome to our school. To begin with, let me introduce Mr. Wang to you.
（4）演讲稿
A. Ladiesand gentlemen, I feel very much honored to have a chance here to make a speechon the subject -- A Balance Diet and Health.
B. Goodmorning everyone! Allow me, first of all, on behalf of all present here, toextend our warm welcome and cordial greeting to our distinguished guest.
2、并列用语：
as wellas, not only…but (also), including,
A. Notonly do computers play an important part in science and technology, but alsoplay an informative role in our daily life.
B. All ofus, including the teachers / the teachers included, will attend the lecture.
C. Hespeaks French as well as English.=He speaks English, and French as well.=He speaks not only English but alsoFrench.
D. E-mail,as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.
3、对比用语：
on onehand ,on the other hand, on thecontrary/contrary to ..., though, for one thing ;for another, nevertheless
A. I know the Internet can only be used at home or in the office, but on the other hand,it is becoming more and more popular for much information as well as clear andvivid pictures.
B. It ishard work; I enjoy it though.
C.Contrary to what I had originally thought, the trip turned out to be fun.
4、递进用语：
even,besides, what’s more, as for, so…that…,worse still, moreover, furthermore; but for, in addition, to make matters worse
A. Thehouse is too small for a family of four, and furthermore/besides/what’smore/moreover /in addition/worse still , it is in a bad location.
5、例证用语：
in one’sopinion, that is to say, for example, for instance, as a matter of fact,in fact, namely
A. As a matter of fact, advertisement playsan informative role in our daily life．
B. Thereis one more topic to discuss, namely/that is ( to say ), the question ofeducation.
6、时序用语：
first/firstly,meanwhile, before long, ever since, while, at the same time, in the meantime,shortly after, nowadays,
A. Theywill be here soon. Meanwhile, let’s have coffee.
B. Firstly, let me deal with the most important difficulty.
7、强调用语：
especially,indeed, at least, at the most, What in the world/on earth.. , not at all ,
A. Noiseis unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep.
B What inthe world/on earth are you doing?
8、因果用语：
thanks to,because, as a result, because of/as a result of , without, with the help of...,owe ...to...
A. Thecompany has a successful year, thanks mainly to the improvement in exportsales.
B. As aresult, many of us succeeded in passing the College Entrance Examinations.
9、 总结用语：
in short;briefly/ in brief ; generally speaking, in a word, as you know, as is known toall
A.Generally speaking, sending an e-mail is more convenient than sending letters.
B. Inshort, measures must be taken to prevent the environment being polluted.
常用句型
（一）段首句
1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……
There aredifferent opinions among people as to……Some people suggest that
……
2. 俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。
There is an old saying……It's the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correctin many cases even today.
3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。
Today, …… whichhave brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ……
Second,……Whatmakes things worse is that…….
4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。
Nowadays，it is common to ……. Many people like …… because ……
Besides，……
5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and …… is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.
6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，……
People’sopinions about …… vary from person to person. Some people say
that ……To them,……
7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。
Man is nowfacing a big problem …… which is becoming more and more serious.
8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。
……has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heateddebates are right on their way.
9. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。
……has been playing an increasingly importantrole in our day-to-day life.it
has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？
According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it
can be seen that……while. Obviously，……but why?
（二）中间段落句
1. 相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。
On the contrary，there are some people in favor of……t the same time，they say……
2. 但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。
But I don't think it is a very good way tosolve …….For example，……Worst of all，…….
3. ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的`。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……
……is necessary and important to our country'sdevelopment and construction. First，……What's more, ……Mostimportant of all,……
4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。
There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can……
5. 面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面，
Confronted with……we should take a series of effective measures to…….
For one thing，For another，
6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。
It is high time that something was done about it. For example. ……In addition.……All
these measures will certainly…….
7. 为什么……？第一个原因是……；第二个原因是……；第三个原因是……。总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……
Why…… The first reason is that ……The second reason is ……The
third is…….For all this, the main cause of ……use to …….
8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。
However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ……also has
its own disadvantages, such as ……
9. 尽管如此，我相信……更有利。
Nonetheless, I believe that ……is more advantageous.
10. 完全同意……这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下：
I fully agree with the statement that ……because…….
（三）结尾句
1. 至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……
As far asI am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I
think that……
2. 总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……。
In a word,the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ……Only in this way can ……in the future.
3. 但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势（好处）。例如，……，而……。然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于（喜欢）……
But……and……have heir own advantages. For example, …… while……
Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to……
4. 就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……
Personally,I believe that…… Consequently, I’m confident that a bright
future is awaiting us because……
5. 随着社会的发展，……。因此，迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自己的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。
With the development of society, ……So it's urgent and necessary to ……If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.
6. 至于我（对我来说，就我而言），我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能……
For mypart, I think it reasonable to…… Only in this way can you……
7. 对我来说，我认为有必要……。原因如下：第一，……；第二，……；最后……但同样重要的是……
In myopinion, I think it necessary to……The reasons are as follows. First
……second …… Last but not least,……
8. 在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……。
It is difficult to say whether ……is good or not in general as it depends
very much on the situation of…….however, from a personal point of view
find……
9. 综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……
From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion
that……
10. 如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是……
If we cannot take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is