中考定语从句教案范文

孙小飞

  定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

  关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。

  关系副词有:when, where, why等。

  一.关系代词引导的定语从句

  关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

  1)who, whom, that

  这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语和宾语。

  例如:

  Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

  他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

  He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

  他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

  2)whose用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换)。

  例如:

  They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.

  那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。

  Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

  3)which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。

  例如:

  A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

  农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)

  The package(which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.

  你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)

  二.关系副词引导的定语从句

  关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。

  1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构,因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。

  例如:

  There are occasions when(on which)one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

  Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

  Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer?

  这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

  2)that代替关系副词,可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介+which”引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略。

  例如:

  His father died the year(that / when / in which)he was born.

  他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

  He is unlikely to find the place(that / where / in which)he lived forty years ago.

  他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

  三.判断关系代词与关系副词

  方法一:用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。

  例如:

  This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.这是我去年呆过的山村。

  Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。

  判断改错:

  (错)This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

  (错)I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

  (对)This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.

  (对)Ill never forget the days(which)I spent in the countryside.

  习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

  方法二:准确判断先行词在定语从句中的.成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

  例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?

  A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

  例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

  A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

  答案:例1 D,例2 A。

  例1变为肯定句:This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.

  例2变为肯定句:This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

  在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。

  而句2中,主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因in the museum词组,可用介词in + which引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on用的不对,所以选A。

  关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词(who, whom,that, which, whose);先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词(where地点状语,when时间状语,why 原因状语) 。

  四.限制性和非限制性定语从句

  定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。

  例如:

  This is the house which we bought last month.

  这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)